The real question is what percentage of our national budget is currently spent on state pensions and what percentage, in today's money, will we have to spend in 10 years, 20 years, 30 years etc. What does the graph look like.
Another way of looking at it is to ask by how much we would have to increase taxes to pay for the yearly cost (in today's money) over that time period.
Hi Purple
I don't think it's really possible to answer that question (at least in those terms) as it is extremely difficult to project the State's revenue and spending from year to year.
However, to put the extent of the problem in some context, the C&AG projected in 2009 that net public service pension payments in 2008 absorbed 0.5% of GNP and as a result of the projected increase in the number of pensioners it will be necessary to devote 1.8% of GNP to meet the net cost of pension payments by 2058. The projected increase in payments is pretty much a constant straight line over the projected fifty year period. To put that in monetary terms, annual gross cash outflows were projected to increase by over 500% from €2.4 billion in 2009 to €14.7 billion in 2058, in constant 2008 price terms. Total State revenue in 2008 was approximately €60 billion and we have obviously been running a deficit since then.
Also, it is important to understand that spending is projected to increase - and the tax take is projected to decrease - as the population ages. By way of example, the over 65s are projected to increase from 11% of the total population in 2010 to 24% in 2060. The pensioner support ratio is projected to decline from 5.3 workers for every individual over 65 in 2010 to 3.9 workers in 2020 and 2.1 workers by 2060.
To be fair, a few things have happened since the C&AG's report - both good and bad from a sustainability perspective. The NPRF has effectively been exhausted/discontinued, PRDs have been re-structured and fairly modest public service pension reductions (PSPRs) have been introduced (although PRDs and PSPRs were introduced as emergency measures and we don't know whether they will be retained). On the whole therefore, it seems reasonable to me to treat the trends projected in the C&AG report as broadly unchanged.
As regards the contributory old age pension, the trend is equally sobering. One of the key conclusions from the KPMG actuarial report in 2010 is that, in the absence of increased PRSI contributions or reductions in expenditure from the social fund (which will come to be dominated by contributory pension payments over time), exchequer subventions will have to more than treble by 2030 and will have to increase by a factor of almost eight by 2040. Non-pension benefits are projected to decrease from 43% of the total fund expenditure in 2011 to 15% in 2066.
In the absence of any action to tackle the shortfall, the excess of expenditure over income in the (notional) social fund will increase significantly over the medium to long term. In summary, the 2011 deficit of €1.5 billion will double to €3.0 billion by 2019 and will have increased to €25.7 billion by 2066. Expressed as a percentage of GNP, the shortfall is projected to increase from 1.1% of GNP in 2011 to 2.0% in 2019 and further increase to 6.4% in 2052.
Putting it all together, if we do nothing to address this issue, it is projected that it will be necessary to devote approximately 7% of GNP to meeting the net cost of all unfunded State pension liabilities by 2060 (as against roughly 1% of GNP in 2009). Bear in mind that at the same time there will inevitably be a parallel increase in State spending associated with an ageing population (healthcare, long term residential care, etc). Finally, the numbers participating in the labour force who might be in a position to fund these costs can be expected to fall.
In my opinion, it is very difficult to escape the conclusion that future tax increases alone will be insufficient to address this problem.