This paper from the
Parliamentary Budget Office discusses the consequences of Ireland’s dual economy - “a global, export-oriented multi-national sector and a more domestically oriented, labour-intensive sector dominated by small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs).”
In fact, the vast majority of enterprises (92.4%) in Ireland are micro, each employing less than 10 people.
The CSO breakdown of the business demography in Ireland for 2020 is:
Number of Enterprises by employment size class
Micro | Under 10 | 257,555 | 92.4% |
Small | 10-19 | 10,981 | 3.9% |
Small | 20-49 | 6,439 | 2.3% |
Medium | 50-249 | 3,221 | 1.2% |
Large | 250 and over | 666 | 0.2% |
No matter what metric is used, multi-national businesses outperform domestic businesses even where they operate in the same economic sector.
“Before the pandemic, multi-national companies were already a key driver of tax receipts.
In 2019, multinational companies were responsible for:
- 27% of all employment
- 45% of all income tax receipts, and
- were liable to pay 79% of corporation Tax.
The pandemic increased the divide between multi-nationals and SMEs.
In 2020 multinational companies accounted for:
- 32% of employment
- 49% of employment taxes and
- 82% of corporation taxes.
Whereas corporation tax payments from SMEs were down 40% in 2020.”
Although there is concentration on Corporation Tax receipts, multi-nationals also accounted for 49% of PAYE receipts.
The paper goes on to explain the difficulties facing SMEs
.
“A key challenge is boosting innovation and productivity levels. Overall, the World Economic Forum’s index of international competitiveness sees Ireland ranked 24 out of 141 countries.
Denmark, Finland and New Zealand, similar countries to Ireland, were some of the top performing economies. This is the competitiveness context the Irish SMEs are operating against, both a vibrant multi-national sector in Ireland and a very competitive international environment.
This is important as an OECD report finds that Irish SMEs are not very active in international markets, and SME productivity growth is stagnant.
There are weaknesses in SME management skills, capital investment levels and technology adoption. Access to finance and skills shortage are also issues.”