THOSE WHO say Ireland’s public debt position is not so dire frequently point out that the State was similarly burdened in the 1980s and it managed to avoid default then. But this argument carries little weight, because both domestic and external circumstances are utterly different now.
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At home, nominal GDP growth is much lower than it ever was in the 1980s, and it may continue to stagnate given the existence of a number of growth-inhibiting factors not present a quarter of a century ago. These include battered household balance sheets and a shattered credit provision mechanism.
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But the manageability of Ireland’s public debt will depend not only on what happens to the economy here. Access to international capital markets, and the price of that access, will also be a factor.
... In the 1980s, only Belgium, Italy and Ireland had public debt to GDP ratios in excess of 100 per cent among developed countries. By 2012, the OECD believes the US, France and Britain will be there or thereabouts. With Japan and Italy already supporting burdens well above 100 per cent, five of the six biggest advanced economies are highly indebted. This is unprecedented in peacetime.
Even if the bond market were to return to its behaviour of the past decade, when it was indiscriminating in its treatment of rich country debt instruments, the sheer volume of new debt issuance is bound to push long-term interest rates up for everyone.
The risks attached to allowing public debt to accumulate at the rate it has over the past three years are increasingly seen to outweigh the risks of tightening. The way in which markets turned against some sovereigns, including Ireland, could happen to others. The situation is very fragile and looks set to remain so for the foreseeable future.