Seanad Éireann consists of sixty members:
- Eleven appointed by the Taoiseach (prime minister), see Nominated by the Taoiseach (Seanad Éireann).
- Six elected by the graduates of certain Irish universities:
- 43 elected from five special panels of nominees (known as vocational panels) by an electorate consisting of TDs (member of Dáil Éireann), senators and local councillors. Nomination is restrictive for the panel seats with only Oireachtas members and designated 'nominating bodies' entitled to nominate. Each of the five panels consists, in theory, of individuals possessing special knowledge of, or experience in, one of five specific fields. In practice the nominees are party members, often, though not always, failed or aspiring Dáil candidates:
Under the
Constitution of Ireland the
general election for the Senate must occur not later than 90 days after the dissolution of Dáil Éireann. The election occurs under the system of
proportional representation by means of the
Single Transferable Vote (however in the panel constituencies each vote counts as 1000 meaning fractions of votes can be transferred). Membership is open to all Irish citizens over 21, but a senator cannot also be a member of Dáil Éireann. However, as stated above, nomination to vocational panel seats is restricted; while nomination in the University constituencies requires signatures of 10 graduates.