Yep, which does lead me to form the opinion that professional certification is, for the most part, meaningless and more to do with elitism than anything substantive at it relates to the jobs that those professionals do.I think this is probably more to do with the definition of an employee compared to self-employed than anything else. On Page 6 , one of the listed characteristics of employment is that the employee "is not exposed to personal financial risk in carrying out the work".