As to why Wile E. Coyote never catches the Road Runner, Chuck Jones (creator of the pair) laid out these rules for all Road Runner cartoons:
- The coyote never catches the road runner;
- The road runner never actively interferes with the coyote's plans;
- The road runner must stick to the road;
- Whenever possible, gravity is the coyote's biggest enemy.
Read more about them in the book
Chuck Amuck: The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist by Chuck Jones (1994).