It should work. I have never really seen sim cards on sale without a phone in the US but I 'm sure you can get them. There are 2 different networks in the US, CDMA and GSM. Your phone will only work on the GSM networks (Cingular, T-Mobile)
Virgin mobile have a virtual network, but I do not know if it is GSM. I suggest you check out the websites for the above companies, there is probably a FAQ page or a customer care e-mail that you can contact with your question.