Very hard to tell from those photos I’m afraid. The valve isn’t going to be anything special looking, so the only way to find it is to try and trace the pipes in question. At some point along those pipes coming in/out of the boiler, you’ll find a connection from the incoming mains supply to the house, which is used to add pressure. Might be worth starting with this incoming supply and track it around the house, it’s usually quite a simple circuit and you might stumble upon where it is connected to the hot water pipes.
FWIW that unit where you turned the screw and water came out is the circulation pump.