Its unusual you'd need it cleaned again so soon unless you're using it all the time since with a particularly smoky fuel.
Poor draw leading to blow-back can be cause by a number of reasons - a "cold" chimney, unusual prevailing wind conditions, fire insufficiently "hot" not driving the column of exhaust air up the flue, flue too "Long" or having too many changes in direction, or too changes too acute/severe.
Possible that the chimney sweep broke the liner or displaced the liner during the last clean. You'd need to have it checked by a competent sweep, perhaps.
ONQ.