Take a handful of the soil in your hand. Does it feel smooth and sticky? Can you roll it into a ball? Or does it feel gritty/sandy? Before you dug the beds, did rainwater soak in alright or did you have pools of surface water? Just by doing this test you'll be able to get a good idea as to whether your soil is clay or sandy (clay soil would feel cold, sticky and smooth, and would have poor drainage. Sandy soil would feel warmer, with a distinctly 'gritty' feel and very fast drainage).
Most likely it's a mix of the two, called loam. This is ideal because it has good water retention properties thanks to the presence of clay, but also good drainage thanks to the presence of sandy soil. Assuming you don't have clay, you won't need to add any grit etc. to improve the drainage.
Re the golf-ball sized lumps, you can get rid of these when the soil is relatively dry by whacking the surface of the bed with the back of a garden fork. Then, when the clumps are smaller, you can make them even finer by raking repeatedly with a rake. This will break up any of the larger bits into smaller particles, also called a fine tilth, which is what you'd want if you were to sow seeds directly into the soil. If you're just planting ready-grown plants into it, you don't need to break the lumps down - the weather and worms will do that for you over the course of the year anyway.
Try to add non-peat compost to the soil - most garden centres now sell non-peat stuff. Any organic matter you add will act as a soil conditioner, i.e. will improve the quality of the soil by making it more free-draining while simultaneously improving its water retention - even bark chippings put on the top of the soil around your plants will eventually be broken down by insects etc and will improve the quality of your soil. However, the compost you buy in the garden centre will not really boost the fertility of your soil - you should add some fertiliser, preferably something like pelleted chicken manure - but go easy whatever fertiliser you use, if anything use less than is recommended on the packet rather than too much. If you can find it, something like rotted horse manure will both improve the soil structure and add nutrients at the same time. Don't use any fertiliser for the herb bed, and try and put the herb bed in a sunny position.
Happy gardening!