Looking at the terms supplied in the original post, I can understand why the loss of wages was rejected under this portion of the policy:
"The underwriter will pay for any reasonable expenses you incur, whilst obtaining replacement passports, green cards, visas, accommodation vouchers and petrol coupons or travel tickets which have been lost or stolen during the trip, up to the amount shown in the Schedule of benefits
on your certificate."
I think you may have a case with the phone calls home given that they were connected to you obtaining a replacement passport. Challenge them on this part. Ask them what reasonable evidence they need to verify that the calls were connected to this (e.g. would written statements from the person that took the call be enough?).
Calls to the insurance company are probably not going to be covered as they are not involved in getting passports, even though the policy documents probably tell you every chance they get that you need to call the insurance company.
If you're not happy with the final outcome, you may be appeal to the Financial Ombudsman, but you need to have gone through the insurance company's appeals and complaints procedure first. See what the complaints procedure is in the policy documents and see who they are regulated by. I presume that because the insurance company were selling in Ireland, they would be bound by the Financial Ombudsman's decision if it got that far.
Best of luck!