Job application, dont want my current employer to know but have to name referees

I am currently applying for a new job, and I would like it if my current employer was unaware until further down the line, if all goes well.

However, the application requires referees and as I have only worked for one company, I will have to put down the HR manager (I presume! I'm new at this)

Is there a protocol on this type of thing, where contacting referees by the new company happens. Is it done before interview or what?

They won't contact them until you tell them it is ok to i.e. you have accepted the job and handed in notice.

Even though my ex-collegaue wasn't so lucky. Went for a job in the public sector and they rang up the boss here before even offering him the job! He freaked.

You could put 'referees available on request' on the CV - then when they request the referee you can explain the situation - its normal.

As stated put on request for referees. You don't necessarily have to give employment referees. Any busnessman, friend of the family, teacher can be a referee. You should explain that you cannot give your current employer for obvious reasons.