Re: What can I claim?
If your child(ren) are over 2 years, you may qualify for the Back to School Clothing and Footwear Scheme, which starts in May/June and runs through the summer. You can apply for this at your local CWO office.
Persons on Jobseeker's Benefit do not qualify for a fuel allowance - they may qualify for smog allowance, but I don't think it can be backdated. Check at the local Social Welfare Office.
The once-off payment which the CWO may be able to help you with is called an Exceptional Needs Payment, not an urgent needs payment (which is slightly different).