Professional fees
As far as I know medical training in the Republic is state-subsidised, no? Therefore the PUBLIC purse pays for doctors' expertise and this is what creates the muddle about what's being paid for, and at what stage of service delivery. The problem seems to be that only some aspects of the healthcare system are free to only some patients. That is the situation the NHS here in the UK is heading towards with public-private partnership, the increase in so-called "private healthcare" (which is as I'm pointing out actually subsidised by the general taxes!).
It's difficult to get a clear idea of health costs in Ireland. My recent experience was of my 84-yar-old mother who had even after retirement and widowhood paid for GP consultations and for necessary medicines for heart-condition etc. When I looked around my family there were 5 uncles, aunts, attending GP surgeries probably fortnightly, all paying VHI insurance covering their medical conditions/hospitalisations etc. This didn't compare favourably to the UK where GP treatment, pharmacy, AND necessary inpatient admissions would be free.
HOWEVER when my mother became very ill (she died last October) and required admission to a Dublin hospital, her treatment and accommodation was superb (she HAD, admittedly, VHI full cover!). An elderly brother of hers over from Surrey fell and broke his hip whilst visiting her in the hospital, had a heart-arrest during his hip-op, and was subsequently seriously ill in intensive care for the next 3 months. He did not have the likes of VHI, but received (as had my mother on VHI) outstanding medical and nursing care, including being accompanied back to Heathrow by a young medic. His problems only started when he got back to our seriously-depleted service in the UK, where he nearly died a few weeks later through medical negligence.
Sounds as if the health services in the Republic would be best served - given the scale - by funding exclusively from public taxation. Standards and clinical governance would also be then more easily applicable to the profession and everyone would benefit