A typical 'condition survey' is what is generally requested when a property is being transferred. This can be carried out by an engineer or architect who has PI insurance, and it's name is generally interchangable between 'Architects Report', 'Engineers Report', 'Condition Survey' etc. It will generally exclude any inspection which will require 'opening up' of existing structure and is in essence a visual survey.
Such a report, if carried out properly, should pick up on any visual structural defects, non-compliance with building regulations, and general defects, and should be treated as a snapshot of the buildings general health at the time.
There is also what is generally called a 'Structural Survey' which is more invasive, and is generally only requested if serious questions are raised by the initial survey.
It should be noted that historic buildings in particular should be only be inspected by engineers or architects with experience in working with these buildings, as a much greater range of defects are possible than with a recently build property.