I have recently bought an apartment, and balcony area is not included since you do not own it but have the "exclusive use" of it. That's the case in Ireland anyway.
Regarding floor area, it is all area between walls
Incorrect - there are are various methods and definitions
GEA - gross external area (usually used by builders - its the outside of the wall to opposite outside wall)
NIA - net internal area (usually for shops and offices - its internal floor area excluding non usable space which includes lift wells, stairs, lobbys, hallways etc and areas which a height of less than 1.5m.
GIA - gross internal area (usually used for industrial properties) internal wall to wall including pretty much all floor area)
NSA - net saleable area (usually used for resi property and is very similar to GIA) incudes all floor area including internal walls, mezzanines, hallways, bathrooms but excludes common spaces, patios, balconies.
See RICS Code of Measuring Practice %th Edition for further reading
A lot of EAs in Ireland use various unstandard methods as they see fit